Developing Ideas in Paragraphs

A paragraph is a group of sentences developing one common idea.

Good paragraphs are characterized by the following traits:

• Unity (one main idea)
• Logical Sense (coherence)
  
• Adequate Support (sufficient details)
  
• Proper Grammar (usage and conventions)
  

Let's take a look at each of these.

1.  Unity

The entire paper should focus on a single controlling idea, expressed in the thesis.  Each paragraph should contribute to the thesis of the entire work.

Sentences within the paragraph should also focus on the main idea of the paragraph, stated in the topic sentence. All other internal sentences are unified to support the paragraph's single idea.

2.  Logical Sense

A good paragraph makes sense. Its ideas flow easily and are readily understood by the reader.

To check for coherence, try reading the sentences in your paragraph out loud.  Do they make sense? 

Telling events in time order can help the reader follow your ideas.  Or, moving from broad information to more specific information is logical too.  Build your points up gradually to the paragraph's conclusion.  Transition words can help smooth the flow of one idea to the next as your build toward your conclusions.

3.  Adequate Support

The thesis of the paper needs adequate support. That support is presented in each body paragraph.  Once you tell the main point of a paragraph in the topic sentence, develop the idea with facts and evidence.

Some methods to ensure your paragraph has adequate development:

- use examples
- give reasons and explanations
- provide illustrations
- cite data and statistics
- relate facts and evidence
- include quotes and expert opinions
- elaborate with relevant details
- provide an anecdote or story
- define important terms
- compare and contrast
- evaluate causes and reasons
- examine consequences and effects

4.  Proper Grammar

Effective sentences communicate the points of your paper clearly. When sentences are error-free, obstacles will not obstruct your meaning. Powerful word choices and a mastery of style bring authority to your claims and help convince the reader of your points.

Summary

The main idea of each paragraph should be clearly stated (or occasionally implied) with a topic sentence and developed logically through adequate support. Transitions within paragraphs and between paragraphs should be made to help the reader easily follow the message. Continually revise your paragraphs until they are unified by a single focus, logically coherent, and adequately developed with supporting information.  Finally, revise your paragraphs until they contain clear, error-free sentences.